Starting from November 1, 2014, all new cars (category M1) in Europe must be equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The tire pressure monitoring system is based on different concepts and sensors. There are basically two main types of tire pressure monitoring systems:

Direct tire pressure monitoring system - the pressure sensor is integrated with the valve, either attached to the wheel rim or installed inside the tire.

Indirect tire pressure monitoring system - there is no pressure sensor installed on the tire/wheel rim. Indirect measurement of tire pressure difference through changes in tire rolling circumference.

Automobile manufacturers can choose direct or indirect tire pressure monitoring systems.

The matching and maintenance of tire pressure monitoring systems are carried out by tire experts.